The main goal of our lab is to discover the factors that limit the species tropism of primate lentiviruses and to use this knowledge to develop an HIV-1-based virus that can replicate and cause disease in macaques. Current animal models using SIV or SIV-derived viruses are very useful but also have serious limitations in studies and development of both drugs and vaccines. Our approach to generating an HIV-1-based animal model has been to understand the barriers to HIV-1 replication in macaque cells, engineer the virus so it can overcome them and then test the resulting virus variants in vivo. Thus far, this approach has been rather successful in that we have been the first to generate a virus almost entirely derived from HIV-1 (~94% of the genome), termed simian tropic HIV-1 (stHIV), that is capable of establishing high levels of acute viremia in pigtail macaques and persisting for several months post-inoculation. Although this constitutes a significant breakthrough towards our ultimate goal, stHIV is not pathogenic in animals. Therefore, our current efforts are focusing on improving stHIV replicative capacity and ability to cause disease in vivo.
Recently, we have identified macaque Tetherin, a protein whose expression is induced by IFN, as a potent inhibitor of HIV-1 particle release that, unlike its human counterpart, cannot be overcome by HIV-1 Vpu. We have also shown that most SIVs that do not express Vpu use Nef to overcome Tetherin from their host species. Additionally, we have demonstrated that Nef recruits AP-2 to downregulate Tetherin and rescue particle release. We have also determined the anti-Tetherin activity of both Vpu and Nef proteins from a wide range of SIVs and have shown that Vpu proteins from the SIVdsn/mus/mon lineage are capable of counteracting macaque Tetherins. These findings are being incorporated in the generation of novel stHIV variants.
Another area we are currently working on is the generation of stHIV and SHIV variants that use the CCR5 co-receptor (R5-tropic). Given that most primary HIV-1 isolates are R5-tropic there has been a long effort to develop R5-tropic SHIVs that are consistently pathogenic in animals yet the number of such chimeras is currently very limited. We aim to generate R5-tropic stHIV/SHIVs that closely represent the HIV-1 Envs found in transmitted viruses in humans, that can replicate in rhesus macaques. If successful, this project has the potential to greatly facilitate the investigation of interventions that target mucosal transmission as well as treatment/vaccination strategies.
Our lab works very closely with those of Paul Bieniasz at ADARC and Vineet Kewal Ramani and Jeff Lifson at NCI, Frederick.
The primary cause of AIDS, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1), is a pathogen that is highly specific for humans and generally does not infect or cause disease in other species. This property complicates the generation of animal models that are urgently needed to test new antiretroviral therapies and vaccines. The most practical animal models used to date consist of infection of macaques (small nonhuman primates) with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) or chimeric HIV/SIV viruses. Although these models have advanced HIV-1 research the fact that SIV is a related but distinct virus compared with HIV-1 represents a significant limitation to their use. Generating HIV-1-based viruses capable of replicating and causing disease in macaques would obviously overcome these limitations but the generation of such viruses has not been straightforward.
Over the past few years work originating in our lab and others has significantly advanced our understanding of the interactions between host cells and HIV-1. In particular, the identification of several so called ‘restriction factors’ that inhibit HIV-1 replication in different cells has helped us understand why HIV-1 is unable to replicate in macaque cells. Based on this understanding we have generated a novel virus named simian tropic HIV (stHIV) that is almost entirely derived from HIV-1 but can replicate very efficiently in macaque cells. This important advance has formed the basis of our current research that aims to test the utility of stHIV as an HIV-1 infection model in monkeys and to generate improved derivatives of stHIV by probing further the activity of restriction factors in macaque cells. If successful these studies have the potential to generate improved animal models for HIV-1 infection and should revolutionize the development and testing of drug and vaccine interventions.
POSITION TITLE: Assistant Professor
EDUCATION
| 1991 | B.Sc. University of Bristol, Bristol, UK |
| 1992 | MSc Imperial College, University of London |
| 1999 | PhD University Claude-Bernard Lyon-1,Lyon, France |
| 2001 | Postdoc Columbia University |
| 2004 | Postdoc Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center/Rockefeller Univ. |
POSITIONS AND HONORS
Positions and Employment
| 1993-1995 | Research Assistant, Institute of Cancer Research and St. Georges Hospital, London |
| 1999-2001 | Postdoctoral Fellow, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University |
| 2002-2004 | Postdoctoral Fellow, Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center and The Rockefeller University |
| 2004-2006 | Research Scientist, Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center and The Rockefeller University |
| 2006-Present | Assistant Professor, Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center |
Other assignments
| Ad hoc reviewer | Journal of Virology AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes |
PUBLICATIONS (SELECTED)
- Boshoff, C, Whitby, D, Hatziioannou, T, Fisher, C, van der Walt, J, Hatzakis, A, Weiss, RA, and Schulz, TF. 1995. Kaposi's-sarcoma associated herpes virus in HIV-negative Kaposi's sarcoma. Lancet. 345:1043-44. PMID: 7723505
- Whitby, D, Howard, MR, Tenant-Flowers, M, Brink, NS, Copas, A, Boshoff, C, Hatziioannou, T, Suggett, FEA, Aldam, DM, Denton, AS, Miller, RF, Weller, IVD, Weiss, RA, Tedder, RS, and Schulz, TF. 1995. Detection of Kaposi's Sarcoma associated herpes virus (KSHV) in peripheral blood of HIV-infected individuals predicts progression to Kaposi's sarcoma. Lancet. 346:799-802 PMID: 7674745
- Valsesia-Wittmann, S, Morling, FJ, Hatziioannou, T, Russell, SJ, and Cosset, F-L. 1997. Receptor co-operation in retrovirus entry: recruitment of an auxiliary entry mechanism after retargeted binding. EMBO J. 16:1214-23. PMID: 9135138
- Hatziioannou, T, Valsesia-Wittmann, S, Russell, SJ, and Cosset, F-L. 1998. Incorporation of Fowl Plague Virus hemagglutinin into Murine Leukemia Virus particles and analysis of the infectivity of the pseudotyped retroviruses. J Virol. 72:5313-17. PMID: 9573311
- Hatziioannou, T, Delahaye, E, Martin, F, Russell, SJ, and Cosset, F-L. 1999. Retroviral display of functional binding domains fused to the amino terminus of influenza hemagglutinin. Hum Gen Ther. 10:1533-44. PMID: 10395378
- Hatziioannou, T, Russell, SJ, and Cosset, F-L. 2000. Incorporation of simian virus 5 fusion protein into MLV particles and its effect on the co-incorporation of retroviral glycoproteins. Virology. 267:49-57. PMID: 10648182
- Hatziioannou, T and Goff, SP. 2001. Infection of non-dividing cells by Rous sarcoma virus. J Virol. 75:9526-71. PMID: 11533215
- Zhang Y, Hatziioannou, T, Zang, T, Braaten, D, Luban, J, Goff, SP, and Bieniasz, PD. 2002. Envelope-dependent, cyclophilin-independent effects of glycosaminoglycans on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 attachment and infection. J Virol. 76:6332-43. PMID: 12021366
- Cowan, S, Hatziioannou, T, Cunningham, T, Muesing, MA, Gottlinger, HG, and Bieniasz, PD. 2002. Cellular inhibitors with Fv1-like activity restrict human and simian immunodeficiency virus tropism. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 99:11914-19. PMID: 12154227
- Hatziioannou, T, Cowan, S, Goff, SP, Bieniasz, PD, and Towers, G. 2003. Restriction of multiple divergent retroviruses by Lv1 and Ref1. EMBO J. 22:385-94. PMID: 12554640
- Towers, GJ, Hatziioannou, T, Cowan, S, Goff, SP, Luban, J, Bieniasz, PD. 2003. Cyclophilin A modulates the sensitivity of HIV-1 to host restriction factors. Nat Med. 1138-43. PMID: 12897779
- Hatziioannou, T, Cowan, S, Bieniasz, PD. 2004. Capsid-dependent and -independent postentry restriction of primate lentivirus tropism in rodent cells. J Virol. 78:1006-11. PMID: 14694132
- Hatziioannou, T, Cowan, S, von Schwedler, UK, Sundquist, WI and Bieniasz, PD. 2004. Species-specific tropism determinants in HIV-1 capsid. J Virol. 78(11):6005-12. PMID: 15140998
- Hatziioannou, T, Perez-Caballero, D, Yang, A, Cowan, S, and Bieniasz, PD. 2004. Retrovirus resistance factors Ref1 and Lv1 are species-specific variants of TRIM5alpha. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 20:101(29):10774-9. PMID: 15249685
- Perez-Caballero, D, Hatziioannou, T, Martin-Serrano, J, Bieniasz, PD. 2004. Human Immunodeficiency virus type 1 matrix inhibits and confers cooperativity on Gag precursor: membrane interactions. J Virol. 78(17):9560-3. PMID: 15308748
- Hatziioannou, T, Perez-Caballero, D, Cowan, S and Bieniasz, PD. 2005. Cyclophilin A interacts with incoming HIV-1 capsids with opposing effects on infectivity. J Virol. 79(1):176-83. PMID: 15596813
- Perez-Caballero, D, Hatziioannou, T, Yang, A, Cowan, S and Bieniasz, PD. 2005. Human tripartite motif 5alpha domains responsible for retrovirus restriction activity and specificity. J Virol. 79:8969-78. PMID: 15994791
- Perez-Caballero, D, Hatziioannou, T, Zhang F, Cowan, S and Bieniasz, PD. 2005. Restriction of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 by TRIM-CypA Occurs with Rapid Kinetics and Independently of Cytoplasmic Bodies, Ubiquitin, and Proteasome Activity. J Virol. 79:15567-72. PMID: 16306627
- Hatziioannou, T, Martin-Serrano, J, Zang, T and Bieniasz, PD. 2005. Matrix-induced inhibition of membrane binding contributes to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 particle assembly defects in murine cells. J Virol. 79:15586-89. PMID: 16306631
- Naghavi, MH, Hatziioannou, T, Gao, G and Goff, SP. 2005. Overexpression of fasciculation and elongation protein zeta-1 (FEZ1) induces a post-entry block to retroviruses in cultured cells. Genes Dev. 19:1105-15. PMID: 15879557
- Zhang, F, Hatziioannou, T, Perez-Caballero, D, Derse, D, and Bieniasz, PD. 2006. Antiretroviral potential of human tripartite motif-5 and related proteins. Virol. 353(2):396-409. PMID: 16828831
- Hatziioannou, T, Princiotta, M, Piatak, M, Jr, Yuan, F, Zhang, F, Lifson, JD, and Bieniasz, PD. 2006. Generation of simian-tropic HIV-1 by restriction factor evasion. Science. 314(5796):95. PMID: 17023652
- Naghavi, MH, Valente, S, Hatziioannou, T, de Los Santos, K, Wen, Y, Mott, C, Gundersen, GG, and Goff, SP. 2007. Moesin regulates stable microtubule formation and limits retroviral infection in cultured cells. EMBO J. 26(1):41-52. PMID: 17170707
- Evans, MJ, von Hahn, T, Tscherne, DM, Syder, AJ, Panis, M, Wolk, B, Hatziioannou, T, McKeating, JA, Bieniasz PD, and Rice CM. 2007. Claudin-1 is a hepatitis C virus co-receptor required for a late step in entry. Nature. 446(7137):801-5. PMID: 17325668
- Ambrose, Z, Kewalramani, VN, Bieniasz, PD, Hatziioannou, T. 2007. HIV/AIDS: in search of an animal model. Trends Biotechnol. 25(8):333-7. PMID: 17574286
- Virgen, CA and Hatziioannou, T. 2007. Antiretroviral activity and Vif sensitivity of rhesus macaque APOBEC3 porteins. J Virol. 81:13932-7. PMID: 17942564
- Zhang, F, Perez-Caballero, D, Hatziioannou, T* and Bieniasz PD*. 2008. No effect of endogenous TRIM 5 alpha on HIV-1 production. Nat Med. 14:235-6. PMID: 18323834
- Virgen, CA, Kratovac, Z, Bieniasz, PD* and Hatziioannou, T*. 2008. Independent generation of chimeric TRIM5-Cyclophilin proteins in two primate species. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 105:3563-8. PMID:18287034
- Zhang F, Perez-Caballero D, Hatziioannou, T, Bieniasz PD. 2008. No effect of endogenous TRIM5alpha on HIV-1 production. Nat Med. 14(3):235-6;
- Kratovac Z, Virgen CA, Bibollet-Ruche F, Hahn BH, Bieniasz PD, and Hatziioannou, T. 2008. Primate lentivirus capsid sensitivity to TRIM5 proteins. Virol. 2008 Jul;82(13):6772-7.
- Jouvenet N, Neil SJ, Zhadina M, Zang T, Kratovac Z, Lee Y, McNatt M, Hatziioannou, T, Bieniasz PD. 2008. Broad-spectrum inhibition of retroviral and filoviral particle release by tetherin. J Virol. 2009 Feb;83(4):1837-44.
- McNatt MW, Zang T, Hatziioannou, T, Bartlett M, Fofana IB, Johnson WE, Neil SJ, Bieniasz PD. 2008. Species-specific activity of HIV-1 Vpu and positive selection of tetherin transmembrane domain variants. PLoS Pathog. 2009. 5(2):e1000300.
- Hatziioannou, T, Ambrose Z, Chung NP, Piatak M Jr, Yuan F, Trubey CM, Coalter V, Kiser R, Schneider D, Smedley J, Pung R, Gathuka M, Estes JD, Veazey RS, KewalRamani VN, Lifson JD, Bieniasz PD. 2009. A macaque model of HIV-1 infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 106(11):4425-9.
- Zhang F, Wilson SJ, Landford WC, Virgen B, Gregory D, Johnson MC, Munch J, Kirchhoff F, Bieniasz PD, Hatziioannou, T, 2009. Nef proteins from simian immunodeficiency viruses are tetherin antagonists. Cell Host Microbe. 23;6(1):54-67.
- Sauter D, Schindler M, Specht A, Landford WN, Münch J, Kim KA, Votteler J, Schubert U, Bibollet-Ruche F, Keele BF, Takehisa J, Ogando Y, Ochsenbauer C, Kappes JC, Ayouba A, Peeters M, Learn GH, Shaw G, Sharp PM, Bieniasz P, Hahn BH, Hatziioannou, T, Kirchhoff F. 2009. Tetherin-driven adaptation of Vpu and Nef function and the evolution of pandemic and nonpandemic HIV-1 strains. Cell Host Microbe. 6(5):409-21.
- Zhang F, Landford WN, Ng M, McNatt MW, Bieniasz PD, Hatziioannou, T. 2011. SIV Nef proteins recruit the AP-2 complex to antagonize Tetherin and facilitate virion release. PLoS Pathog. 7(5):e1002039.
- Boshoff, C, Whitby, D, Hatziioannou, T, Fisher, C, van der Walt, J, Hatzakis, A, Weiss, RA, and Schulz, TF. 1995. Kaposi's-sarcoma associated herpes virus in HIV-negative Kaposi's sarcoma. Lancet. 345:1043-44. [view]
- Whitby, D, Howard, MR, Tenant-Flowers, M, Brink, NS, Copas, A, Boshoff, C, Hatziioannou, T, Suggett, FEA, Aldam, DM, Denton, AS, Miller, RF, Weller, IVD, Weiss, RA, Tedder, RS, and Schulz, TF. 1995. Detection of Kaposi's Sarcoma associated herpes virus (KSHV) in peripheral blood of HIV-infected individuals predicts progression to Kaposi's sarcoma. Lancet. 346:799-802 1. [view]
- Valsesia-Wittmann, S, Morling, FJ, Hatziioannou, T, Russell, SJ, and Cosset, F-L. 1997. Receptor co-operation in retrovirus entry: recruitment of an auxiliary entry mechanism after retargeted binding. EMBO J. 16:1214-23. [view]
- Hatziioannou, T, Valsesia-Wittmann, S, Russell, SJ, and Cosset, F-L. 1998. Incorporation of Fowl Plague Virus hemagglutinin into Murine Leukemia Virus particles and analysis of the infectivity of the pseudotyped retroviruses. J Virol. 72:5313-17. [view]
- Hatziioannou, T, Delahaye, E, Martin, F, Russell, SJ, and Cosset, F-L. 1999. Retroviral display of functional binding domains fused to the amino terminus of influenza hemagglutinin. Hum Gen Ther. 10:1533-44. [view]
- Hatziioannou, T, Russell, SJ, and Cosset, F-L. 2000. Incorporation of simian virus 5 fusion protein into MLV particles and its effect on the co-incorporation of retroviral glycoproteins. Virology. 267:49-57. [view]
- Hatziioannou, T and Goff, SP. 2001. Infection of non-dividing cells by Rous sarcoma virus. J Virol. 75:9526-71. [view]
- Zhang Y, Hatziioannou, T, Zang, T, Braaten, D, Luban, J, Goff, SP, and Bieniasz, PD. 2002. Envelope-dependent, cyclophilin-independent effects of glycosaminoglycans on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 attachment and infection. J Virol. 76:6332-43. [view]
- Cowan, S, Hatziioannou, T, Cunningham, T, Muesing, MA, Gottlinger, HG, and Bieniasz, PD. 2002. Cellular inhibitors with Fv1-like activity restrict human and simian immunodeficiency virus tropism. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 99:11914-19. [view]
- Hatziioannou, T, Cowan, S, Goff, SP, Bieniasz, PD, and Towers, G. 2003. Restriction of multiple divergent retroviruses by Lv1 and Ref1. EMBO J. 22:385-94. [view]
- Towers, GJ, Hatziioannou, T, Cowan, S, Goff, SP, Luban, J, Bieniasz, PD. 2003. Cyclophilin A modulates the sensitivity of HIV-1 to host restriction factors. Nat Med. 1138-43. [view]
- Hatziioannou, T, Cowan, S, Bieniasz, PD. 2004. Capsid-dependent and -independent postentry restriction of primate lentivirus tropism in rodent cells. J Virol. 78:1006-11. [view]
- Hatziioannou, T, Cowan, S, von Schwedler, UK, Sundquist, WI and Bieniasz, PD. 2004. Species-specific tropism determinants in HIV-1 capsid. J Virol. 78(11):6005-12. [view]
- Hatziioannou, T, Perez-Caballero, D, Yang, A, Cowan, S, and Bieniasz, PD. 2004. Retrovirus resistance factors Ref1 and Lv1 are species-specific variants of TRIM5alpha. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 20:101(29):10774-9. [view]
- Perez-Caballero, D, Hatziioannou, T, Martin-Serrano, J, Bieniasz, PD. 2004. Human Immunodeficiency virus type 1 matrix inhibits and confers cooperativity on Gag precursor: membrane interactions. J Virol. 78(17):9560-3. [view]
- Hatziioannou, T, Perez-Caballero, D, Cowan, S and Bieniasz, PD. 2005. Cyclophilin A interacts with incoming HIV-1 capsids with opposing effects on infectivity. J Virol. 79(1):176-83. [view]
- Perez-Caballero, D, Hatziioannou, T, Yang, A, Cowan, S and Bieniasz, PD. 2005. Human tripartite motif 5alpha domains responsible for retrovirus restriction activity and specificity. J Virol. 79:8969-78. [view]
- Perez-Caballero, D, Hatziioannou, T, Zhang F, Cowan, S and Bieniasz, PD. 2005. Restriction of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 by TRIM-CypA Occurs with Rapid Kinetics and Independently of Cytoplasmic Bodies, Ubiquitin, and Proteasome Activity. J Virol. 79:15567-72. [view]
- Hatziioannou, T, Martin-Serrano, J, Zang, T and Bieniasz, PD. 2005. Matrix-induced inhibition of membrane binding contributes to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 particle assembly defects in murine cells. J Virol. 79:15586-89. [view]
- Naghavi, MH, Hatziioannou, T, Gao, G and Goff, SP. 2005. Overexpression of fasciculation and elongation protein zeta-1 (FEZ1) induces a post-entry block to retroviruses in cultured cells. Genes Dev. 19:1105-15. [view]
- Zhang, F, Hatziioannou, T, Perez-Caballero, D, Derse, D, and Bieniasz, PD. 2006. Antiretroviral potential of human tripartite motif-5 and related proteins. Virol. 353(2):396-409. [view]
- Hatziioannou, T, Princiotta, M, Piatak, M, Jr, Yuan, F, Zhang, F, Lifson, JD, and Bieniasz, PD. 2006. Generation of simian-tropic HIV-1 by restriction factor evasion. Science. 6:314(5796):95. [view]
- Naghavi, MH, Valente, S, Hatziioannou, T, de Los Santos, K, Wen, Y, Mott, C, Gundersen, GG, and Goff, SP. 2007. Moesin regulates stable microtubule formation and limits retroviral infection in cultured cells. EMBO J. 26(1):41-52. [view]
- Evans, MJ, von Hahn, T, Tscherne, DM, Syder, AJ, Panis, M, Wolk, B, Hatziioannou, T, McKeating, JA, Bieniasz PD, and Rice CM. 2007. Claudin-1 is a hepatitis C virus co-receptor required for a late step in entry. Nature. 446(7137):801-5. [view]
- Ambrose, Z, Kewalramani, VN, Bieniasz, PD, Hatziioannou, T. 2007. HIV/AIDS: in search of an animal model. Trends Biotechnol. 25(8):333-7. [view]
- Virgen, CA and Hatziioannou, T. 2007. Antiretroviral activity and Vif sensitivity of rhesus macaque APOBEC3 porteins. J Virol. 81:13932-7. [view]
- Zhang, F, Perez-Caballero, D, Hatziioannou, T* and Bieniasz PD*. 2008. No effect of endogenous TRIM 5 alpha on HIV-1 production. Nat Med. 14:235-6. [view]
- Virgen, CA, Kratovac, Z, Bieniasz, PD* and Hatziioannou, T. 2008. Independent generation of chimeric TRIM5-Cyclophilin proteins in two primate species. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 105:3563-8. [view]
- Zhang F, Perez-Caballero D, Hatziioannou, T, Bieniasz PD. 2008. No effect of endogenous TRIM5alpha on HIV-1 production. Nat Med. 14(3):235-6; [view]
- Kratovac Z, Virgen CA, Bibollet-Ruche F, Hahn BH, Bieniasz PD, and Hatziioannou, T. 2008. Primate lentivirus capsid sensitivity to TRIM5 proteins. Virol. 2008 Jul;82(13):6772-7. [view]
- Jouvenet N, Neil SJ, Zhadina M, Zang T, Kratovac Z, Lee Y, McNatt M, Hatziioannou, T, Bieniasz PD. 2008. Broad-spectrum inhibition of retroviral and filoviral particle release by tetherin. J Virol. 2009 Feb;83(4):1837-44. [view]
- McNatt MW, Zang T, Hatziioannou, T, Bartlett M, Fofana IB, Johnson WE, Neil SJ, Bieniasz PD. 2008. Species-specific activity of HIV-1 Vpu and positive selection of tetherin transmembrane domain variants. PLoS Pathog. 2009. 5(2):e1000300. [view]
- Hatziioannou, T, Ambrose Z, Chung NP, Piatak M Jr, Yuan F, Trubey CM, Coalter V, Kiser R, Schneider D, Smedley J, Pung R, Gathuka M, Estes JD, Veazey RS, KewalRamani VN, Lifson JD, Bieniasz PD. 2009. A macaque model of HIV-1 infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 106(11):4425-9. [view]
- Zhang F, Wilson SJ, Landford WC, Virgen B, Gregory D, Johnson MC, Munch J, Kirchhoff F, Bieniasz PD, Hatziioannou, T, 2009. Nef proteins from simian immunodeficiency viruses are tetherin antagonists. Cell Host Microbe. 23;6(1):54-67. [view]
- Sauter D, Schindler M, Specht A, Landford WN, Münch J, Kim KA, Votteler J, Schubert U, Bibollet-Ruche F, Keele BF, Takehisa J, Ogando Y, Ochsenbauer C, Kappes JC, Ayouba A, Peeters M, Learn GH, Shaw G, Sharp PM, Bieniasz P, Hahn BH, Hatziioannou, T, Kirchhoff F. 2009. Tetherin-driven adaptation of Vpu and Nef function and the evolution of pandemic and nonpandemic HIV-1 strains. Cell Host Microbe. 6(5):409-21. [view]
- Zhang F, Landford WN, Ng M, McNatt MW, Bieniasz PD, Hatziioannou, T. 2011. SIV Nef proteins recruit the AP-2 complex to antagonize Tetherin and facilitate virion release. PLoS Pathog. 7(5):e1002039. [view]
| Theodora Hatziioannou | Assistant Professor |
| Julia Bitzegeio | Post Doc |
| Claire Massol | Student Intern |
| Alice Raymond | Research Technician |
| Marissa Sampias | Research Technician |