Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center | Moriya Tsuji, M.D., Ph.D.

Dr. Vasan is an Aaron Diamond Assistant Professor at the Rockefeller University. Her laboratory focuses on the clinical development and evaluation of candidate vaccines, adjuvants, and delivery systems to improve the potency of vaccines against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and malaria.

Funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery, Dr. Vasan has led the effort to assess the safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of ADVAX when delivered by the TriGrid^TM in vivo electroporation device in a Phase 1 clinical trial conducted from 2007-2009. This study was the first demonstration that delivery of a DNA vaccine with in vivo electroporation is safe and tolerable in healthy volunteers, and improves T cell responses to the same vaccine delivered by conventional intramuscular injection by up to 70-fold. The Vasan lab continues to conduct preclinical studies on the mechanism and role of in vivo electroporation on DNA vaccines as standalone vaccine candidates and as priming vaccines for viral vector or protein boosts, in order to enable future clinical studies.

Currently, Dr. Vasan is leading the effort to advance a novel and potent glycolipid adjuvant into a Phase I clinical trial, which has the potential to boost immune responses to adenoviral-vectored vaccines against malaria and HIV-1 through its activation of natural killer T cells and dendritic cells. Her research focuses on assessing the adjuvant effect of glycolipids in non human primates and humans, as well as determining innate immune correlates to enhanced humoral and cellular immunogenicity.

The Vasan laboratory also collaborating closely with Dr. David Ho and TaiMed Biologics in the clinical development of ibalizumab, a monoclonal antibody directed against domain 2 of the CD4 receptor, for HIV prevention.

NAME: Sandhya Vasan, M.D.

ADDRESS:

Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center
455 First Avenue
New York, NY 10016

TELEPHONE: 212-448-5030
TELEFAX: 212-725-1126

E-MAIL: svasan@adarc.org

EDUCATION

1988 - 1992	M.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology S.B. in Mechanical Engineering, concentration in biomedical sciences. Undergraduate Thesis: Endoscopic surgery: An assessment of laparoscopic and arthroscopic technique and instrumentation.
1992 - 1997	Harvard Medical School, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Doctor of Medicine, June 5, 1997. MD Thesis: Lack of effect of galanin on LH, FSH and free alpha subunit secretion from perifused male rat anterior pituitary cells.

POSTGRADUATE TRAINING

1997 - 1998	Intern, Department of Pediatrics Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD
1998 - 2000	Resident, Department of Pediatrics Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD
2000 - 2001	Henry Luce Foundation Scholar Communicable Disease Centre, Singapore National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
2003	Johns Hopkins School of Public Health Course: Clinical Vaccine Trials: Planning and Implementation

CERTIFICATION

1997 - Present	Basic Life Support
1997 - 2000	Pediatric Advanced Life Support
1997 - 2000	Neonatal Advanced Life Support
2000 - 2007	Board Certification in Pediatrics
2002 - 2009	Advanced Cardiac Life Support
2002 - Present	Human Subjects Training Education
2002 - Present	DEA Certification
2003	Clinical Vaccine Trials and Good Clinical Practice Certification

ACADEMIC APPOINTMENTS

2002 - 2004	Clinical Scholar Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Rockefeller University New York, NY
2004 - 2010	Instructor in Clinical Investigation Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Rockefeller University New York, NY
2010 - Present	Aaron Diamond Assistant Professor at the Rockefeller University Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center New York, NY

HOSPITAL APPOINTMENTS

2002 - Present

Associate Attending Physician
Rockefeller University Hospital
The Rockefeller University
New York, NY

AWARDS AND HONORS

1988 - 1992	Dow Jones National Merit Scholar
1991 - 1992	Sterling Winthrop Research Fellow in Health Sciences and Technology
1992	Wunsch Foundation Award for Excellence in Mechanical Engineering Thesis
2001 - 2002	Henry Luce Foundation Scholar
2003	Fellow/Student Graduate Travel Grant Recipient – 11th Conference on Retroviral and Opportunistic Infections
2003 - 2006	NIH Loan Repayment Award Recipient
2009	Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery Young and Early Career Investigator

PROFESSIONAL MEMBERSHIPS AND COMMITTEES

1991 - 1992	Member, Pi Tau Sigma – National Mechanical Engineering Honor Fraternity
1991 - 1992	Member, Tau Beta Pi – National Engineering Honor Fraternity
1997 - Present	Member, American Academy of Pediatrics
2003 - Present	Manuscript Reviewer, Journal of AIDS
2003 - Present	Pediatric Consultant, Rockefeller University Institutional Review Board
2007 - Present	Member, Pediatrics Oversight Committee of the National Clinical Translational Science Award
2008 - Present	Member, Advisory Committee on Clinical and Translational Science, Rockefeller University

LABORATORY RESEARCH

2002 - Present	Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center / Rockefeller University, New York
-	Evaluating the safety and tolerability of in vivo electroporation in healthy human volunteers, and its capacity to enhance immunogenicity to DNA vaccines
-	Designing and conducting pre-clinical and clinical studies to determine the ability of a novel glycolipid compound to act as a vaccine adjuvant in humans
-	Developing and conducting studies to assess the effect of a novel monoclonal antibody directed at the D2 domain of the CD4 receptor (ibalizumab) to prevent SIV challenge after intravenous or intrarectal challenge in rhesus macaques.
-	Developing multi-parametric immunomonitoring assays to quantify and qualify establishment of T cell memory in humans and mice
-	Investigated the role of antiretroviral therapy on NKT cell quantity and function
-	Researched gutless adenoviral vectors for HIV-1 vaccine development
Laboratory Techniques:
	Multiparametric Flow Cytometry
	ELISA, ELISPOT, and radioimmunoassay
	Cell & tissue culture and perifusion
	PCR & Gel Electrophoresis
	DNA Extraction, Transfection, and Amplification
	RNA Extraction and Gene Array Expression Analysis
	Viral Propagation and Purification

CLINICAL RESEARCH

2005 – Present

Pre-clinical responsibilities include preclinical development and immunogenicity assessments, design of pre-clinical GMP animal studies, pre-IND interactions with US FDA and support of IND filings, clinical protocol design, and SOP design for clinical sample acquisition and processing. Also responsible for preclinical design, project timeline, and regulatory interactions with Sino-FDA to coordinate Phase I/II manufacture and testing of candidate HIV-1 vaccines in the People’s Republic of China.

Clinical responsibilities include volunteer recruitment, filing and obtaining institutional IRB approval, interaction with clinical research pharmacist and nurse coordinator for vaccine shipment, storage, and preparation, clinical assessment of local and systemic reactogenicity and documentation and characterization of adverse events, coordination of clinical and specimen management, interactions with trial Data Safety Monitoring Board, and device manufacturer, and regulatory filings with US FDA.

Clinical laboratory responsibilities include management of GCLP laboratory (four technicians) for sample processing, shipment and documentation, monitoring of clinical safety laboratories with nurse coordinator, coordination of HIV infection status monitoring in a blinded manner, and coordination of humoral assays for binding and neutralizing antibody activity.

Clinical research responsibilities include development and optimization of seven to ten color multiparametric flow cytometry assays to monitor cellular immune responses to candidate HIV-1 vaccines in humans and in mice, and development and optimization of humoral ELISAs to quantify antibody titer and kinetics in response to candidate vaccines.

2005 - present

Clinical Development of a Novel Glycolipid Compound as a Vaccine Adjuvant Designing and conducting a Phase 1 clinical trial of a novel glycolipid compound that stimulates natural killer T cells to enhance humoral and cellular immunogenicity when co-administered with vaccines in mice. Responsible for oversight and coordination of all manufacturing, preclinical, and regulatory activities necessary to support advancement into clinical trials.

2008 - present

Clinical Development of a Novel Monoclonal Antibody for Potential Prevention Against HIV-1 Responsible for design and oversight of Phase 1 and Phase 2a clinical trial protocol design and trial coordination, and oversight of clinical assays and data coordination.

EXTRAMURAL PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES

1997	Association Salvadoreña Pro Salud Rural (ASAPROSAR), El Salvador: Worked with a non-governmental organization focusing on preventative and primary health in women and children. Ran local medical clinics, conducted vaccination and pap smear campaigns, and educated community health workers in basic topics in preventative medicine in rural El Salvador. In addition, helped analyze and optimize resource utilization in various programs within the organization.
1999	UNICEF, Mumbai, India: Collaborated with municipal health officers and regional UNICEF officers to develop and assess survey tool to assess the “mother and child friendliness” of various regional hospitals. Worked with regional municipal office to observe polio vaccination program.
2001	National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore: Organized and led a medical task force to work with the Indonesian Ministry of Health to conduct a health needs assessment in a rural village in Bintan, Indonesia. Simultaneously developed and implemented a maternal and school health education program for the same area. Provided medical services in the village clinic.
2006	Tuberculosis Research Center, Chennai, India: Invited Lecturer, Clinical Development of HIV-1 Vaccines at the Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center
2008	University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Department of Pathology: Invited Lecturer, Obstacles and Current Approaches to HIV-1 Vaccine Development at the Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center
2008	Rockefeller University, Seminars in Clinical Investigation: Invited Lecturer, Novel Approached to Developing DNA-Based HIV-1 Vaccines
2009 - Present	Scientific Advisor, Robert Mapplethorpe Foundation: Advise on funding allocation on grants supporting HIV/AIDS research, care and treatment

BIBLIOGRAPHY - JOURNALS

K. Dolter, C. Evans, B. Ellefsen, J. Song, M. Boente-Carrera, R. Vittorino, T. Rosenberg, D. Hannaman, S. Vasan. Immunogenicity, safety, biodistribution and persistence of ADVAX, a prophylactic DNA vaccine for HIV-1, delivered by in vivo electroporation. Vaccine, 2011, Jan 17;29(4):795-803.
N. Padte, X. Li, M. Tsuji, S. Vasan. Clinical Development of a Novel CD1d-binding NKT Cell Ligand as a Vaccine Adjuvant. Clinical Immunology, 2010, Dec 23.
X. Li, M. Fujio, D. Wu, S. Vasan, C. Wong, D. D. Ho, M. Tsuji. Design of a potent CD1d-binding NKT cell ligand as a vaccine adjuvant. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2010. 107(29):13010-13015.
S. Vasan, S.J. Schlesinger, Y. Huang, A.Hurley, A. Lombardo, Z. Chen, S. Than, P. Adesanya, C. Bunce, M. Boaz, R. Boyle, E. Sayeed, L. Clark, D. Dugin, C. Schmidt, Y. Song, L. Seamons, L. Dally, M. Ho, C. Smith, M. Markowitz, J. Cox, D.K. Gill, J. Gilmour, M. C. Keefer, P. Fast, D. D. Ho. Phase 1 Safety and Immunogenicity Evaluation of ADVAX, a Multigenic, DNA-based Clade C/B’ HIV-1 Candidate Vaccine PLOS One, 2010, 5(1) e8617, p1-7.
S. Vasan, S. J. Schlesinger, Z. Chen, A. Hurley, A. Lombardo, S. Than, P. Adesanya, C. Bunce, M. Boaz, R. Boyle, E. Sayeed, L. Clark, D. Dugin, M. Boente-Carrera, C. Schmidt, Q. Fang, L. Ba, Y. Huang, G.J. Zaharatos, D.F. Gardiner, M. Caskey, L. Seamons, M. Ho, L. Dally, C. Smith, J. Cox, D.K. Gill, J. Gilmour, M.C. Keefer, P. Fast, D. D. Ho. Phase 1 Safety and Immunogenicity Evaluation of ADMVA, a Multigenic, Modified Vaccinia Ankara-HIV-1 B’/C Candidate Vaccine PLOS One, 2010, 5(1) e8816, p1-7.
S. Vasan, M. Tsuji. A double-edged sword: The role of NKT cells in malaria and HIV infection and immunity Seminars in Immunology 2009, Dec 3.
S. Vasan, M. Poles, A. Horowitz, E. Siladji, M. Markowitz, M. Tsuji. Percentage and function of NKT cells, a potential anti-HIV effector cell, are preserved by beginning HAART during acute HIV-1 infection. International Immunology, 2007, 19(8):943-51.
S. Vasan, S. J. Schlesinger, G. Arrode. T-Cell Immune Responses to HIV-1 Frontiers in Bioscience, 2007 Jan 1;12:2330-43.
S. Mehandru, T. Wrin, J. Galovich, G. Stiegler, B. Veclar, A. Hurley, C. Hogan, S. Vasan, H. Katinger, C. Petropoluous, M. Markowitz. Neutralization Profiles of Newly Transmitted Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 by Monoclonal Antibodies 2G12, 2F5, and 4E10. Journal of Virology. 2004, 78(24): 14309-14042.

THESIS PUBLICATIONS

S. Vasan Lack of effect of galanin on LH, FSH and free alpha subunit secretion from perifused male rat anterior pituitary cells. Harvard Medical School, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Doctor of Medicine Research Thesis. 1997.
S. Vasan Endoscopic surgery: An assessment of laparoscopic and arthroscopic technique and instrumentation. Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Mechanical Engineering Undergraduate Thesis. 1992.

ABSTRACTS

X. Li, M. Fujio, M. Imamura, D. Wu, C.H.Wong, D.D. Ho, N. Padte, S. Vasan, M. Tsuji. A potent CD1d-binding NKT cell ligand as an adjuvant for vaccines against malaria and HIV. Keystone Symposia – NK and NKT Cell Biology 2011, Oral Symposium
S. Vasan, A. Hurley, D. Hannaman, J.Cox, J. Gilmour, D. Ho. DNA Vector/Electroporation Immunogenicity Trials. AIDS Vaccine 2010, Oral Symposium
H. Hara, T. Hironaka, M. Inoue, A. Iida, T. Shu, M. Hasegawa, Y. Nagai, A. Falsey , L. Lopalco, A. Kamali, O. Anzala, E. Sanders, E. Karita, L. Mwananyanda, S. Vasan, A. Lombardo, C. Park, E. Sayeed, M. Krebs, E. Cormier, J. Ackland, M.A. Price, J.L. Excler. Sendai virus-specific neutralizing antibody prevalence in different geographical populations: implications for AIDS vaccine development with Sendai virus vectors. AIDS Vaccine 2010 Conference. Poster
S. Vasan, A. Hurley, S.J. Schlesinger, D. Hannaman, D. Gardiner, D. Dugin, M. Boente-Carrera, R. Vittorino, M. Caskey, J. Andersen, Y. Huang, J. Cox, T. Tarragona, D. Gill, H. Cheeseman, L. Clark, L. Dally, C. Smith, C. Schmidt, H. Park, E. Sayeed, J. Gilmour, P. Fast, R. Bernard, D.D. Ho. In Vivo Electroporation Enhances the Immunogenicity of ADVAX, a DNA-based HIV-1 Vaccine Candidate, in Healthy Volunteers AIDS Vaccine 2009 Conference Oral Presentation #OA05-01
S. Vasan, A. Hurley, S.J. Schlesinger, D. Hannaman, D. Gardiner, D. Dugin, Y. Huang, J. Andersen, M. Caskey, C. Evans, K. Dolter, C. Schmidt, P. Fast, D.D. Ho Safety and Tolerability of an Electroporation Procedure to Deliver ADVAX, a Clade C/B’ Multigenic DNA-Based Candidate HIV-1 Vaccine, to Healthy Volunteers AIDS Vaccine 2008 Conference. Poster #13-20
C. Schmidt, S. Kochhar, J.L. Excler, C. Smith, A. McMichael, J. Bwayo, W. Jaoko, J. Weber, P. Kaleebu, B. Peters, G. Pantaleo, E. Vardas, A. Robinson, S. Vasan, M. Keefer, V.D. Ramanathan, R. Boyle, P. Fast. Cardiac safety/events in clinical trials with preventive HIV vaccine candidates based on Modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) AIDS Vaccine 2008 Conference. Poster #13-22
S. Vasan, S.J. Schlesinger, Z. Chen, A. Hurley, S. Than, P. Adesanya, C. Bunce, M. Boaz, R. Boyle, E. Sayeed, D.F. Gardiner, G.J. Zaharatos, M. Caskey, Q. Fang, C. Schmidt, Y. Huang, L. Seamons, M. Ho, A. Lombardo, J. Gilmour, M. Keefer, P. Fast, D.D. Ho Cellular and Humoral Immunogenicity of ADMVA, a Clade C/B’ MVA-Based HIV-1 Candidate Vaccine, in Healthy Volunteers. AIDS Vaccine 2007 Conference. Oral Presentation #106822
G.J. Zaharatos, T.J. Rosenberg, D.F. Gardiner, S. Vasan, Y. Huang, F. Yu, M. Tsuji, F. Nimmerjahn, J.V. Ravetch, D.D. Ho. FcγRIIB blockade enhances humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to vaccine antigens. AIDS Vaccine 2007 Conference. Abstract #106995
S. Vasan, A. Hurley, D. Dugin, E. Londono, S.J. Schlesinger. Factors Influencing Participation and Retention of Healthy Volunteers in a Phase I trial of a Preventative Candidate HIV-1 Vaccine in New York City AIDS Vaccine 2006 Conference. Abstract # 484.00
S. Vasan, E. Siladji, C. Hogan, A. Hurley, M. Markowitz, M. Tsuji. NKT Cells are Preserved in Patients Beginning HAART During Acute Infection 11th Conference on Retroviral and Opportunistic Infections, 2004. Abstract #245
S. Mehandru, M. A. Poles, K. Tenner-Racz, P. Racz, A. Horowitz, C. Hogan, S. Vasan, A. Hurley, S. Schlesinger, D. Ho, M. Markowitz. Acute HIV Infection is Characterized by a Preferential Depletion of CD4+ T Cells from Effector Sites in the Colon Second International Workshop on Acute HIV-1 Infection, 2004. Abstract #P-09
C. Hogan, A. Hurley, S. Vasan, S. Mehandru, C. Chung, M. Markowitz. Treatment of Acute and Early HIV-1 Infection with Trizivir/ Efavirenz Second International Workshop on Acute HIV-1 Infection, 2004. Abstract # P-18
S. Mehandru, T. Wrin, J. Galovich, G. Stiegler, B. Veclar, A. Hurley, C. Hogan, S. Vasan, H. Katinger, C. Petropoluous, M. Markowitz. Neutralization Profiles by Monoclonal Antibodies 2F5, 2G12, and 4E10 of Plasma-Derived HIV-1 from 91 Newly Infected Individuals Second International Workshop on Acute HIV-1 Infection, 2004. Abstract #M-12
A. Shet, L. Rowe, C. Hogan, S. Vasan, S. Mehandru, A. Hurley, V. Simon, D. Boden, M. Markowitz. Prevalence of Transmitted Antiretroviral Resistance in Antiretroviral-Naive Patients with HIV-1 Primary Infection in 2003 Second International Workshop on Acute HIV-1 Infection, 2004. Abstract #T-12
V. Simon, C. Hogan, M. Louie, S. Vasan, N. Padte, J Vanderhoeven, K. Dawson, P. Balfe, M. Markowitz. Frequency of Transmitted Drug Resistance and Identification of Phylogenetic Clusters in a Homogenous Cohort of Newly Infected Individuals 10th Conference on Retroviral and Opportunistic Infections, 2003 Abstract #504
C. Hogan, M. Louie, S. Vasan, A. Hurley, A. Horowitz, C. Chung, A. Kim, M. DiMascio, A. Perelson, D. Ho, M. Markowitz. Assessing the Relative Efficacy of HAART Regimens Using Early Changes in Plasma Viremia 10th Conference on Retroviral and Opportunistic Infections, 2003. Abstract #573
S. Vasan, A. Earnest, YS Leo, CC Lee. Epidemiology Clinical Features, and Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in HIV Positive Patients in Singapore. 6th International Conference on AIDS in Asia and the Pacific, 2002.

BOOK CHAPTERS

May 2008

S. Vasan. Toxoplasma. In: Satoskar A, Simon G, Hotez P and Tsuji, M. eds. Medical Parasitology. Landes Bioscience.

K. Dolter, C. Evans, B. Ellefsen, J. Song, M. Boente-Carrera, R. Vittorino, T. Rosenberg, D. Hannaman, S. Vasan. Immunogenicity, safety, biodistribution and persistence of ADVAX, a prophylactic DNA vaccine for HIV-1, delivered by in vivo electroporation. Vaccine, 2011, Jan 17;29(4):795-803. [view]
N. Padte, X. Li, M. Tsuji, S. Vasan. Clinical Development of a Novel CD1d-binding NKT Cell Ligand as a Vaccine Adjuvant. Clinical Immunology, 2010, Dec 23. [view]
X. Li, M. Fujio, D. Wu, S. Vasan, C. Wong, D. D. Ho, M. Tsuji. Design of a potent CD1d-binding NKT cell ligand as a vaccine adjuvant. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2010. 107(29):13010-13015. PMID: 20616071[view]
S. Vasan, S.J. Schlesinger, Y. Huang, A.Hurley, A. Lombardo, Z. Chen, S. Than, P. Adesanya, C. Bunce, M. Boaz, R. Boyle, E. Sayeed, L. Clark, D. Dugin, C. Schmidt, Y. Song, L. Seamons, L. Dally, M. Ho, C. Smith, M. Markowitz, J. Cox, D.K. Gill, J. Gilmour, M. C. Keefer, P. Fast, D. D. Ho. Phase 1 Safety and Immunogenicity Evaluation of ADVAX, a Multigenic, DNA-based Clade C/B’ HIV-1 Candidate Vaccine PLOS One, 2010, 5(1) e8617, p1-7. PMID: 20111582 [view]
S. Vasan, S. J. Schlesinger, Z. Chen, A. Hurley, A. Lombardo, S. Than, P. Adesanya, C. Bunce, M. Boaz, R. Boyle, E. Sayeed, L. Clark, D. Dugin, M. Boente-Carrera, C. Schmidt, Q. Fang, L. Ba, Y. Huang, G.J. Zaharatos, D.F. Gardiner, M. Caskey, L. Seamons, M. Ho, L. Dally, C. Smith, J. Cox, D.K. Gill, J. Gilmour, M.C. Keefer, P. Fast, D. D. Ho. Phase 1 Safety and Immunogenicity Evaluation of ADMVA, a Multigenic, Modified Vaccinia Ankara-HIV-1 B’/C Candidate Vaccine PLOS One, 2010, 5(1) e8816, p1-7. PMID: 20111599 [view]
S. Vasan, M. Tsuji. A double-edged sword: The role of NKT cells in malaria and HIV infection and immunity Seminars in Immunology 2009, Dec 3. PMID 19962909 [view]
S. Vasan, M. Poles, A. Horowitz, E. Siladji, M. Markowitz, M. Tsuji. Function of NKT cells, potential anti-HIV effector cells, are improved by beginning HAART during acute HIV-1 infection. International Immunology, 2007, 19(8):943-51. PMID: 17702988 [view]
S. Vasan, S. J. Schlesinger, G. Arrode. T-Cell Immune Responses to HIV-1 Frontiers in Bioscience, 2007 Jan 1;12:2330-43. PMID: 17127243 [view]
S. Mehandru, T. Wrin, J. Galovich, G. Stiegler, B. Veclar, A. Hurley, C. Hogan, S. Vasan, H. Katinger, C. Petropoluous, M. Markowitz. Neutralization Profiles of Newly Transmitted Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 by Monoclonal Antibodies 2G12, 2F5, and 4E10. Journal of Virology. 2004, 78(24): 14039-14042. PMID: 15564511 [view]
S. Vasan. Lack of effect of galanin on LH, FSH and free alpha subunit secretion from perifused male rat anterior pituitary cells. Harvard Medical School, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Doctor of Medicine Research Thesis. 1997.
S. Vasan. Endoscopic surgery: An assessment of laparoscopic and arthroscopic technique and instrumentation. Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Mechanical Engineering Undergraduate Thesis. 1992.

Sandhya Vasan	Assistant Professor
Maria Mar Boente-Carrera	Vaccine Clinical Laboratory Coordinator
Jenny McManus	Research Technician

Scientific Overview